A comprehensive review of image analysis methods for microorganism counting: from classical image processing to deep learning approaches

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.

     

化工容器腐蚀评价分析

化工容器广泛应用于石油、化工行业，对国民经济的发展起着无可替代的作用。化工容器一旦发生事故将会造成无法估量的后果。本文选择一座十万方原油储罐容器，用事故树分析法对其因腐蚀而发生的事故进行评价分析，绘制出事故树结构图，得到事故树的最小割集，采取近似法算出其结构重要度，最后利用这些分析数据结合实践工作提出了一些可行的防腐措施。     

Efficient key generation leveraging channel reciprocity and balanced gray code

Wireless Networks - Key generation leveraging wireless channel reciprocity can establish secret keys from unauthenticated broadcast channels and thus protect the communication of wireless networks....     

180 t转炉高废钢比冶炼工艺开发

通过对转炉炼钢过程的平衡计算结果进行分析,得出了提高废钢比的措施:减少渣量,减少冷却剂用量和添加升温材料等。结合理论计算和生产实践,减少1 kg/t炉渣可提高废钢比0.10%,减少1kg/t冷却剂可提高废钢比0.19%,增加1kg/t无烟煤可提高废钢比0.27%,增加1 kg/t清洁升温剂可提高废钢比0.41%,工艺优化后转炉废钢比可由17.0%提高到23.1%以上。     

Ultrafast Electron–Phonon Coupling at Metal-Dielectric Interface

Energy transfer from photo-excited electrons in a metal thin film to the dielectric substrate is important for understanding the ultrafast heat transfer process across the two materials. Substantial research has been conducted to investigate heat transfer in a metal-dielectric structure. In this work, a two-temperature model in metal was used to analyze the interface electron and dielectric substrate coupling. An improved temperature and wavelength-dependent Drude–Lorentz model was implemented to interpret the signals obtained in optical measurements. Ultrafast pump-and-probe measurements on Au-Si samples were carried out, where the probe photon energy was chosen to be close to the interband transition threshold of gold to minimize the influence of non-equilibrium electrons on the optical response and maximize the thermal modulation to the optical reflectance. Electron-substrate interface thermal conductance at different pump laser fluences was obtained, and was found to increase with the interface temperature.